CONSTRUCTION OF SHELL AND TUBE HEAT - EXCHANGER

ABSTRACT

Heat exchanger is a device in which heat is transferred from one fluid
stream to another, normally by the combine process of conduction and
connection.

The made possible by shell and tube in which fluid pass through and
exchange takes place.

As a result of flow of fluid, fouling which is a deposit found on the
suitable of the pipe seems to affect the heat transfer process.

Heat exchanger enable most process industries to be able to heat or cool
fluid to a definite temperature need for process control, such as in
chemical industries where the use of heat exchange is very important.

It is also used in the process industries in regulation of temperature (ie
by regulating the exchanger by means of controller).

It is also used in the refrigerator to sub cool the liquid refrigerant in
cooling the vapour coming from the evaporator.

The precise content of this project was to construct a shell and tube treat
exchanger. The materials for construction of this projects and their
dimensions are as follows:

1. 970mm galvanized British standard pipe for process fluid.

2. 650mm galvanized Britain standard pipe for annulus fluid

3. 50mm x 10mm galvanized Britain standard pipe for both inlet and outlet
of both the coolery stream and the annulus fluid.

4. 8 pieces of bolts and nuts.

The construction of this equipment involves series of processes which
includes

1. Marking out of materials to required sizes

2. Cutting of marked materials to shapes

3. Folding to shape where necessary

4. Rolling and boring hole as appropriate

5. Welding together by the arc process

6. Filling for good finish.

7. Assembling together of the individual components

8. Painting to prevent corrosion and for beautification

The carefulness with which the marking out, welding and final assembling of
the work was done made it possible for us to obtain an equipment suitable
for shell and tube heat exchanger.

Comparing this equipment to the standard shell and tube heat exchanger, it
meet all the physical requirement. But in this case, a galvanize tube is
used in the construction instead of stainless steel.

The estimated cost of this project as of August 2005 is (N14,000.00)
fourteen thousand naira.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

COVER PAGE

APPROVAL PAGE

LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL

TITLE PAGE

DEDICATION

ACKNOWELDGEMENT

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ABSTRACT

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE SURVEY

MODE OF HEAT TRANSFER

CONDUCTION

CONVECTION

RADIATION

HEAT EXCHANGERS

REGENERATORS

OPENS TYPE HEAT EXCHANGER

CLOSED TYPE HEAT EXCHANGER

SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

LAMELIA HEAT EXCHANGER

SPRIAL HEAT EXCHANGER

EXCHANGE TYPE SELECTION

OPERATING PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE

NATURE OF FLUIDS

DOUBLE PIPE HEAT EXCHANGER

OVERALL HEAT EXCHANGER COEFFICIENT

EFFECTIVENESS ANT NTU

NUMBER OF HEAT TRANSFER UNIT (NTU)

ANNULUS HEAT TRANSFER CALCULATION

CHAPTER THREE

FABRICATION

CHAPTER FOUR

DISCUSSION

CHAPTER FIVE

RECOMMENDATION AND

CONCLUSION

CHAPTER SIX

APPENDIX I

COSTING

APPENDIX II

SYMBOLS

APPENDIX III

REFERENCES